Cocoapods 和 Carthage 使用笔记
Carthage 和 CoaoaPods 的区别
CoaoaPods
是一套整体解决方案,我们在 Podfile
中指定好我们需要的第三方库。然后 CocoaPods
就会进行下载,集成,然后修改或者创建我们项目的 workspace
文件,这一系列整体操作。
相比之下,Carthage
就要轻量很多,它也会一个叫做 Cartfile
描述文件,但 Carthage
不会对我们的项目结构进行任何修改,更不多创建 workspace
。它只是根据我们描述文件中配置的第三方库,将他们下载到本地,然后使用 xcodebuild
构建成 framework
文件。然后由我们自己将这些库集成到项目中。Carthage
使用的是一种非侵入性的哲学。
另外 Carthage
除了非侵入性,它还是去中心化的,它的包管理不像 CocoaPods
那样,有一个中心服务器(cocoapods.org),来管理各个包的元信息,而是依赖于每个第三方库自己的源地址,比如 Github。
Cocoapods
安装
-
(可选)使用
taobaoruby-china 源替换默认 gem 源:gem source blabla..
$ gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
https://rubygems.org/
$ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
https://ruby.taobao.org/ removed from sources
$ gem source -a https://gems.ruby-china.com/
https://gems.ruby-china.com/ added to sources
$ gem source -c
*** Removed specs cache ***
$ gem source -u
source cache successfully updated
$ gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
https://gems.ruby-china.com/ -
sudo gem install cocoapods
-
(可选)切换 pod 源
$ pod repo
master
- Type: git (master)
- URL: https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
- Path: /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master
$ pod repo remove master
$ pod repo add master https://git.coding.net/CocoaPods/Specs.git
$ pod repo update
$ pod setup
或者
$ git clone https://git.coding.net/CocoaPods/Specs.git ~/.cocoapods/repos/master
$ pod repo update
切换回官方镜像
$ pod repo remove master
$ pod repo add master https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
$ pod repo update
Updating spec repo `master`
$ /usr/local/bin/git -C /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master fetch origin --progress
remote: Enumerating objects: 511, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (511/511), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (134/134), done.
remote: Total 820 (delta 399), reused 449 (delta 367), pack-reused 309
Receiving objects: 100% (820/820), 99.24 KiB | 401.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (501/501), completed with 194 local objects.
From https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs
5b04790953c..e3ba7ee3a29 master -> origin/master
$ /usr/local/bin/git -C /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD
master
$ /usr/local/bin/git -C /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master reset --hard origin/master
HEAD is now at e3ba7ee3a29 [Add] IOS_OC_BASIC 6.3
CocoaPods 1.6.0.beta.2 is available.
To update use: `sudo gem install cocoapods --pre`
[!] This is a test version we'd love you to try.
For more information, see https://blog.cocoapods.org and the CHANGELOG for this version at https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/releases/tag/1.6.0.beta.2
-
如果Podfile文件中有
source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
也需要把它换成repo的源,否则依然是使用GitHub源
基础用法
-
cd <project_folder>
-
pod init
-
编辑 Podfile, example
# 平台,必需
platform :ios, '9.0'
# 隐藏警告
inhibit_all_warnings!
target 'AlamofireDemo' do
# Using Swift and want to use dynamic frameworks
use_frameworks!
# 项目 Pods
pod 'Alamofire', '~> 4.5'
target 'AlamofireDemoTests' do
inherit! :search_paths
# 测试 Pods
end
end
版本支持:
- `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=`
- `~>`: **up to** next major | minor | patch
- `:path` 本地绝对路径
- `:git` git项目地址,还可使用 `:branch`, `:tag`, `:commit`
pod install
- Always 打开项目下 *.xcworkspace 文件作为项目入口
pod install 和 pod update 区别
pod install [package_name]
: 安装特定版本的 podspod update [package_name]
: 升级 pods 到最新版本
Carthage
安装
brew install carthage |
使用
-
编辑
Cartfile
,比如SwiftyJSON
github "SwiftyJSON/SwiftyJSON"
-
carthage update [–platform ios]
$ carthage update
*** Fetching SwiftyJSON
*** Checking out SwiftyJSON at "4.2.0"
*** xcodebuild output can be found in /var/folders/kl/g94q0k_571vdjtcwzzcv20s40000gn/T/carthage-xcodebuild.nN22hg.log
*** Building scheme "SwiftyJSON iOS" in SwiftyJSON.xcworkspace
*** Building scheme "SwiftyJSON watchOS" in SwiftyJSON.xcworkspace
*** Building scheme "SwiftyJSON tvOS" in SwiftyJSON.xcworkspace
*** Building scheme "SwiftyJSON macOS" in SwiftyJSON.xcworkspace -
Carthage
目录下:- Build(编译出来的.framework二进制代码库)
- Checkouts(源码)
$ tree -L 3 Carthage/
Carthage/
├── Build
│ ├── Mac
│ │ ├── SwiftyJSON.framework
│ │ └── SwiftyJSON.framework.dSYM
│ ├── iOS
│ │ ├── 22BD4B6C-0B26-35E1-AF5F-8FB6AEBFD2FD.bcsymbolmap
│ │ ├── C862E8A1-24ED-398A-A8E9-A7384E34EDB1.bcsymbolmap
│ │ ├── SwiftyJSON.framework
│ │ └── SwiftyJSON.framework.dSYM
│ ├── tvOS
│ │ ├── 1ADB9C1F-36CA-3386-BF07-6EE29B5F8081.bcsymbolmap
│ │ ├── SwiftyJSON.framework
│ │ └── SwiftyJSON.framework.dSYM
│ └── watchOS
│ ├── A8A151AB-D15E-3A0B-8A17-BF1A39EC6AB4.bcsymbolmap
│ ├── EA427A42-6D21-3FF4-919F-5E50BF8A5D7B.bcsymbolmap
│ ├── SwiftyJSON.framework
│ └── SwiftyJSON.framework.dSYM
└── Checkouts
└── SwiftyJSON
├── CHANGELOG.md
├── Example
├── LICENSE
├── Package.swift
├── README.md
├── Source
├── SwiftyJSON.podspec
├── SwiftyJSON.xcodeproj
├── SwiftyJSON.xcworkspace
├── Tests
└── scripts -
添加生成的文件: 项目 “General” -> “Linked Frameworks and Libraries” -> 将
Carthage/Build/iOS
中的.framework
文件添加到项目中 -
“Build Phases” -> “+” -> “New Run Script Phase”
- /bin/sh
- /usr/local/bin/carthage copy-frameworks
- “Input Files”: $(SRCROOT)/Carthage/Build/iOS/SwiftyJSON.framework
- “Output Files”: $(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/$(FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH)/SwiftyJSON.framework
添加这个 Run Script 的作用是为了让运行时能够找到这个动态库。 还可以将 Carthage 所集成的第三方库生成的符号文件添加到项目中,这样我们在调试的时候,就可以步入第三方库内部的代码:
Build Phrases
->New Copy Files Phrase
,将 Carthage/Build/iOS 目录中的SwiftyJSON.framework.dSYM
符号文件拖动进来